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Profession Welder. Who is a Welder

The modern world is completely based on metal. Without it, it is impossible to build tall buildings, cars, ships. Metal is used everywhere: in everyday life, in industry, in construction. Therefore, a metal specialist who joins metal parts into complex structures using electric welding will always be needed. A welder is a responsible profession, almost virtuoso, and a lot depends on the quality of its work - the durability and stability of building structures, the work and service life of various equipment.

History of the profession: (the emergence of the profession, the history of the development of the profession) The time of the origin of the profession of a welder can be considered 1802, when V. Petrov discovered the effect of an electric arc, when it occurs between two carbon electrodes, a high temperature is created. This temperature is so high that it can melt the metals. A considerable period of time passed from the moment of this discovery to its industrial application. But decades later, the method of joining metals by the electric arc method revolutionized various industries, construction and became a mass technology for joining materials. ...

The social significance of the profession in society: (the value of the profession, the importance of the profession, the need for the profession, the demand for the profession) Welding works are used in many industries. Welders work on construction sites, creating structures and systems of various communications, in industry, where they apply their experience and skills in mechanical engineering, shipbuilding and other areas such as energy, oil refining, agriculture. It is difficult to name such a segment of production where the labor of a welder would not be used.

Mass character and uniqueness of the profession: (requirements for the profession, prospects) The welder, as a profession, is divided into several specializations: manual arc welder, gas welder, operator of automatic welding machines. Workers of all these specialties are engaged in one thing - joining metal structures, complex apparatus, parts, assemblies by fusing metals. The quality of the welds depends on the skill of the welders. Any mistakes, negligence in the work can lead to catastrophic consequences. It’s scary to think what poor-quality work on welding of oil or gas pipelines could lead to. A professional welder must know electrical engineering, metal melting technology, properties of gases used for antioxidation, methods and principles of operation of the units and equipment used. Compliance with safety measures and industrial sanitation is of great importance.

Risks of the profession: (pros and cons of the profession, peculiarities of the profession, difficulties of the profession) The advantages of the profession include prestige and high demand in the labor market, both in the public sector of the economy and in the private sector. Young specialists who have just graduated from college will not have to look for work for a long time - she finds them herself. Welders without experience are willingly accepted into housing and communal services, in private organizations in the service sector. With the acquisition of experience, they are entrusted with more responsible affairs and work in industry, at construction sites. Accordingly, the salary increases. The disadvantages of the profession are difficult working conditions, work on open construction sites in any weather, a large burden on eyesight due to the high brightness of the electric arc, infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Electric welders belong to the "hot shop" professions due to the high hazardousness of production due to the large release of gases and heat during welding.

Where to get a profession: (training a profession) You can learn the profession of a welder in vocational schools, colleges. The training is carried out for 3 years on the basis of 9 classes and 2 years on the basis of 11 classes in the specialties "welder of electric and gas welding works" and "adjuster of welding and gas plasma cutting equipment".

A welder is a worker, a specialist in welding production.

A welder is a responsible profession, almost virtuoso, and a lot depends on the quality of its work - the durability and stability of building structures, the work and service life of various equipment.

Welding works are used in many industries. Welders work on construction sites, creating structures and systems of various communications, in industry, where they apply their experience and skills in mechanical engineering, shipbuilding and other areas such as energy, oil refining, agriculture. It is difficult to name such a segment of production where the labor of a welder would not be used.

The welder, as a profession, is divided into several specializations: manual arc welder, gas welder, operator of automatic welding machines. Workers of all these specialties are engaged in one thing - joining metal structures, complex apparatus, parts, assemblies by fusing metals. The quality of the welds depends on the skill of the welders. Any mistakes, negligence in the work can lead to catastrophic consequences. It’s scary to think what poor-quality work on welding of oil or gas pipelines could lead to. A professional welder must know electrical engineering, metal melting technology, properties of gases used for antioxidation, methods and principles of operation of the units and equipment used. Compliance with safety measures and industrial sanitation is of great importance.

Working conditions:

Works both indoors and outdoors. It is possible to perform work at height and in very uncomfortable and dangerous positions. Large load on the musculoskeletal and visual apparatus. To protect against heat and light radiation, he uses overalls and a mask (shield) with protective light filters. The operating mode is mainly two-shift. The pace of work is free. The profession has 1-6 ranks.

The advantages of the profession include prestige and high demand in the labor market, both in the public sector of the economy and in the private one. Young specialists who have just graduated from college will not have to look for work for a long time - she finds them herself. Welders without experience are willingly accepted into housing and communal services, in private organizations in the service sector. With the acquisition of experience, they are entrusted with more responsible affairs and work in industry, at construction sites. Accordingly, the salary increases.
The disadvantages of the profession are difficult working conditions, work on open construction sites in any weather, a large burden on eyesight due to the high brightness of the electric arc, infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Electric welders belong to the "hot shop" professions due to the high hazardousness of production due to the large release of gases and heat during welding.

Personal qualities:

Physical strength and endurance. Visual acuity and color perception. Flexibility, mobility of arms, legs and the whole body. Developed vestibular apparatus. Ability to focus attention for a long time. Good hand-eye coordination. Spatial imagination and technical thinking. Accuracy. Equilibrium.

Education:

You can learn the profession of a welder in vocational schools and colleges. The training is carried out for 3 years on the basis of 9 classes and 2 years on the basis of 11 classes in the specialties "welder of electric and gas welding works" and "adjuster of welding and gas plasma cutting equipment".

Medical restrictions:

Cardiovascular diseases. Respiratory diseases. Disorders in the work of the musculoskeletal system (sciatica, osteochondrosis ...). Mental illnesses and disorders of the nervous system. Irritability. Allergic diseases. Severe visual and hearing defects

Areas of use:

Manufacturing plants, factories, laboratories for the development and testing of new production samples, construction.

Welding work is required in almost any production, and there are very few young craftsmen. Therefore, welders' salaries are high: yesterday's college graduate earns little, an experienced welder earns more. During their third year industrial practice, students are paid a salary. But even the prospect of getting good money for some reason does not impress the guys who choose more fashionable and at the same time less demanded professions.

The level of salaries, depending on the place of work, is very different; when performing the same order, you can receive completely different money. In the housing and utilities sector today, perhaps, the lowest wages are, the most generous is the oil and gas industry.

Welder - metal specialist who joins metal parts into complex structures using electric welding. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in labor and economy (see the choice of profession by interest in school subjects).

A welder is a working specialty and provides for work in a welding production. The specialist is engaged in the connection of metal structures, parts, products, containers and pipelines of various types, composition, purpose and level of complexity. The quality of work and welding seams depends on a professional welder. In his work, mistakes are not made that can lead to catastrophic consequences. The profession of a welder is divided into several specialties: gas welder, manual arc welder, operator of automatic welding machines.

In their work, welders use electric arc welding or gas torch. In the first case, an electric arc is used to melt metals, and the temperature at the end of the welding electrode reaches 5,000 degrees Celsius. This exceeds the melting point of all existing metals. In the case of using a gas torch, a flame is formed due to the combustion of a mixture of combustible gas (hydrogen, propane, gasoline, butane, benzene, kerosene) and oxygen. This type of welding is usually used when replacing radiators and pipes in residential premises, due to the absence of sparks during operation.

During work, it is very important for welders to observe safety measures and to use special masks with tinted glass to protect the face and eyes. This mask significantly suppresses the brightness of flames and sparks.

Types of welders:

welders on press welding machines;
welders at diffusion welding installations;
thermite boiling welders;
gas welders;
welders at electron beam welding machines;
electric and gas welders.

Required professional skills and knowledge

knowledge of electrical engineering, metal melting technology;
knowledge of the properties of gases used for antioxidation;
knowledge of the methods and principles of operation of the units and equipment used;
knowledge of labor protection and safety instructions;
knowledge in the field of physics, chemistry.

Personal qualities

physical endurance, good eyesight;
agility, flexibility of movements of the legs, arms, the whole body;
patience;
hard work;
tenacity.

Pros and cons of the profession

Pros:

high demand in the labor market;
rather high salaries of experienced welders.

Minuses

difficult working conditions (sometimes you have to work in extreme conditions, at high altitudes or under the influence of various meteorological factors);
great stress on vision due to the high brightness of infrared and ultraviolet radiation, electric arc (the appearance of electrophthalmia disease);
the presence of other occupational diseases due to the inhalation of industrial dust (silicosis, pneumoconiosis, bronchial asthma).

Place of work

Almost all industries require welding, for example, in mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, agriculture, and the oil refining industry.

The main places of work of welders:

construction sites;
auto repair shops;
industrial plants, factories;
organizations for the provision of communications.

Salary and career

There is a shortage of technicians in Russia, so the salary of a first-class welder may exceed that of a middle-level manager. Young specialists receive about 20,000 rubles, the salary of experienced high-level workers (the highest rank sixth, is assigned to high-class specialists) on average from 30,000 to 45,000 rubles a month. But, as in other professions, the amount of a welder's salary depends on the place of work, experience, hard work and the desire to constantly improve their qualifications. So the lowest salary of specialists is in the housing and communal sector, and the highest is in the oil and gas industry.

Usually, college graduates do not have to look for work for a long time. Welders without experience are accepted into private organizations in the service sector, housing and communal services. With the acquisition of experience, young specialists are already entrusted with more responsible affairs and work in industry and at construction sites.

Salary as of 03/31/2020

Russia 25000-130000 ₽

Moscow 35000—100000 ₽

Education

Welding education can be obtained from vocational schools or colleges. The training lasts three years on the basis of the 9th grade and 2 years on the basis of the 11th grade in the specialties “welder of electric and gas welding works” and “adjuster of welding and gas plasma cutting equipment”.

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the presentation options. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, handouts.

Objectives of the event:

formation of an idea about the development of the welding process, about the further prospects for the development of metal welding technology,
the development of the cognitive interest of students, logical thinking by systematizing facts, observation, cognitive activity, the ability to draw conclusions, the development of speech,
development of communication competencies.

Methods: explanatory and illustrative.

Forms: frontal, group.

Event progress

Introduction

Greetings
Motivation

Welder

He is in a blue overalls
And in blue glasses
He's blue lightning
Holds in hands.
She is alive:
Mobile, strong.
See how fiercely she Beats!
Now it has ceased,
Has calmed down
Curled up in a ball
And the welder touched her
By wiring,
And lightning splashed
Gold stars
Like a firebird
Spread her tail!

(Slide number 1-4)

Board design: statements about welding, the profession “Welder”, proverbs about metals. (Annex 1)

It is safe to say that welding today is one of the foundations of human development. The work of a welder is almost an art. An experienced craftsman, like a sculptor, creates products of complex shapes from metal: from a water supply system to restoring the geometry of a car body. (Cartoon about a welder)

And, of course, a logical question arises: When did welding appear? When did people learn to connect refractory materials together? Maybe 50-100 years ago? Or is it one of the newest discoveries of mankind? We will try to understand this issue and consider the history of the development of welding. (Slide number 5-7)

Students' messages:

Message No. 1 The history of the “Welder” profession began with the discovery by the Russian academician Vasily Petrov in 1802 of the effect of an electric arc that arose between two carbon rods when a current passed through them. Due to the very high arc temperature, it became possible to melt metals. Welding was carried out with a direct current electric arc, burning between the carbon electrode and the metal, using a filler wire. This method of welding N.N. Bernados called it “electrohephaestus” after the ancient Greek god of blacksmithing. In 1888 the Russian engineer N.G. Slavyanov improved the method of manual arc welding, replacing the carbon electrode with a metal one.

Message No. 2 The method of permanent connection of parts has been known for a long time. People red-hot the edges of the metal rods and hammer blows to connect them into one whole. This welding method is still well known today as forge welding. It is believed that the word "welding" comes from the name of the Slavic god of blacksmithing Svarog. In ancient Russia, ring-shaped jewelry was welded, they knew how to weld glass bracelets, and in the 16th century, guns were made by welding from separate rings forged from iron.

Message No. 3 The technological process of welding developed in the Middle Ages. An example of this is the huge Dol Grayet cannon, created in 1382. The cannon was a forged pipe, which was reinforced with external metal hoops attached to it using forge welding. This method of making artillery pieces was used all over the world. The largest examples of such cannons were made in the 16th century in India. The weight of the guns was over 50 tons, and the total length was over 9 meters.

Message No. 4 The method of obtaining solid metal structures by welding and soldering has come to us since ancient times. Proof of this are gold jewelry with tin soldering, which were found during excavations in the Egyptian pyramids and lead water pipes with a transverse soldering seam, which were found during excavations in the Italian city of Pompeii.

Message No. 5 Most of the ancient buildings provided for the presence of a strong supporting structure made of stone, and wooden beams were used as beams and crossbars. However, in some cases, when creating especially large structures, nodes that worked in tension were needed. To create them, metal anchors were used, made by forging or forging. In Venice, the arcades of the Doge's palace were supported by steel anchors, and this was not just an architectural excess, but a necessity. Most of the buildings of the Renaissance period contained steel welded joints of the supporting structures. This was the beginning of the use of welding as a mandatory process in the creation of various structures.

It would seem, what could be interesting in such a completely mundane and ordinary process as welding of metals? And, nevertheless, you will be surprised to learn how many interesting facts are known about metals, alloy and welding. (Slide number 8-10)

Message # 6 Did you know that the highest temperature for welding is 5000 ° C? Such monstrous heating is required to melt steels with a high level of heat resistance.

Welding is a long and painstaking job. An example of this is the colossal statue of the Motherland-Mother in Kiev, which took more than 30 kilometers of welding seams to create. The total weight of the statue is 450 tons, made entirely of all-welded metal!

Today in Russia there is a statue dedicated to a welder, and this is not surprising considering that the first welding shop appeared in Perm back in 1883. In those days, an electric arc and a consumable electrode were already used to work on the connection or separation of two plates of metal.

Speaking of colossal welded structures, one cannot fail to mention the famous Eiffel Tower in Paris. This metal monster, as the Parisians themselves spoke unflatteringly about it in 1889, consists of 9441 tons and approximately 18,038 pieces of magnificent wrought iron. The height of the tower is 324 meters, so at the time of its installation, the Eiffel Tower was rightfully considered the tallest building in the world.

Another interesting fact, not only from the point of view of working with metals, but also from the point of view of medicine, is that one should never look at welding. Probably, even in childhood, everyone heard warnings from adults: "Do not look at welding, otherwise you will go blind." And indeed it is. However, the damage to the eyes is not caused by visible light or sparks, but by ultraviolet rays. They have a devastating effect on the retina of the eyes. So if you look at welding for a long time, you can really get burned and partially or even completely lose your sight. Therefore, for safety reasons, never look at the welding process if your eyes are not protected by the special screen of the construction mask!

Technical professions are often viewed as uncreative, monotonous, and boring. We disagree with that! There is a place for art in technical professions! Look only at the monuments dedicated to welders. They are not only in Russia, but also in Ukraine, Germany and Finland. (Slide number 11-22)

Many outstanding scientists were involved in the development of welding technologies. (Slide number 23-28)

Welding is essential both in everyday life and in such complex work as the creation of spaceships to launch satellites, ships, probes and other objects both in orbit and to distant stars. In order to make all this possible, special welding methods are used. For example, it is known that unoxidized metals and alloys in outer space begin to stick together.

Message # 7: Welding underwater. During the war, the use of underwater welding became a necessity. This method was used to repair the underwater parts of bridges and ships, and welding in the open sea was also used in emergency and rescue operations. In 1931, at the Moscow Electromechanical Institute of Railway Engineers under the leadership of Academician K.K. It's the first time in the world that underwater arc welding has been carried out. For this purpose, special electrodes were made. However, as early as 1856 L.I. Shpakovsky for the first time carried out an experiment on the arc reflow of copper electrodes immersed in water. On the advice of D.A. Lachinov, who received an underwater arc, N.N. Benardos in 1887 made underwater cutting of metal. It took 45 years for the first honey agaric to receive scientific substantiation and turn into a method. The technique of making welded joints by a diver-welder under water is more complicated than in air. This is due to poor visibility in the water, tightness, heavy and inconvenient diving equipment for movement, the need for additional costs to overcome the current, the possibility of disturbing the stability of the welder on the ground, and the inability of the human body to work at great depths. In this regard, defects are often observed in welded joints: lack of penetration of one of the edges, undercuts, beads, pores, etc. (Slide number 29)

Post # 8: Welding in space. And on October 16, 1969, an electric arc burst into space for the first time. For the first time, welding in space was carried out on the Soyuz-6 spacecraft by cosmonauts Georgy Stepanovich Shonin and Valery Nikolaevich Kubasov. S.P. Back in 1965, Korolev expressed the idea of the need for welding and cutting in space. These processes had to be mastered for practical purposes, but at the same time it was not yet known to what extent the welding process in space differs from the same process on Earth. This question should have been resolved by the cosmonauts.

It was known that the main difference between space conditions and terrestrial conditions was, of course, first of all, weightlessness, as well as a wide range of temperatures at which the welded product can be located, and deep vacuum with an almost unlimited rate of diffusion of gases from the welding zone.

Of course, the possibilities of welding in space are also limited: the spacesuit interferes, in addition, the safety requirements for welding are much higher.

(Slide number 30)

Demonstration of films “Welding under water”, “Friction welding”.

The use of iron has been around for many centuries, but the real invasion of technology by iron took place at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Speaking of iron, it is worth noting that it is one of the most common elements not only on Earth, but also in the Universe. (Slide number 31-44)

Message # 9: The use of iron

In 1818 the first iron ship "Volcano" was launched. Four years later, in 1822, the first iron steamer, also created in England, began to run between London and Paris.

The first railway was put into operation in England in 1825, and in Russia the first railway St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo began operating in 1837.

Iron for the manufacture of metal structures until the 17th century. produced in Russia in small quantities in an artisanal way. In 1698, by decree of Peter I, the first state metallurgical plant was founded in Nevyansk, which laid the foundation for industrial metallurgy.

Iron elements of building structures in the form of fasteners - puffs for the perception of the expansion of stone vaults began to be used in the XII-XIV centuries. (Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir, XII century).

In the XVII century. the first load-bearing iron structures appeared in the form of frames of domes (the Ivan the Great bell tower in Moscow, 1600) and iron rafters (the roof of the Archangel Cathedral in Moscow, the roof over the refectory of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad).

In the XVIII century. the process of casting cast iron for construction purposes was mastered and cast iron supporting structures are being introduced. The first cast-iron bridge in Russia was built in 1784 in Tsarskoye Selo park near St. Petersburg, 5 years after the construction of the world's first cast-iron bridge across the river. Severn in England.

A welder is a responsible profession, almost virtuoso, a lot depends on the quality of his work - the durability and stability of building structures, the work and service life of various equipment. By the way, the profession of a welder is one of the ten most demanded professions in the labor market. There will always be a demand for this specialty.

At present, there are several levels of training for welders in Russia.

3-4 category of a welder is assigned after graduation from a professional college or graduation from courses. This level implies knowledge of the main types of welding, high-quality performance of the simplest types of welding. As a rule, 3-4 grade welders are professionals in the field of manual and arc welding.

The 5th category of a welder allows welding complex assemblies and parts, and can also weld elements under pressure. Added to manual and arc welding is the ability to weld with an electron beam. A master of this class is able to independently carry out work related to multi-position equipment, and can also offer services for welding vacuum-tight joints.

The 6th category of a welder allows a welder to perform any type of work with gas and oil pipelines, independently cope with parts and welding work of any complexity. 6th grade is a guarantee of the highest class of professionalism and craftsmanship.

There are welders who are convinced that practice is everything, theory is nothing. But if you do something, you need to know what make, why do and how make.

Test

The work is done on sheets of paper in a cage.

On the board - legend:? Yes; ? No; - I do not know
The educator reads the following statements. Students either agree or disagree. If they do not know the correct answer, draw the corresponding sign (horizontal line)
Students have a drawing on the pieces of paper: (Appendix 2)
The highest temperature during welding is 1,000 ° C (none) 5,000 ° C
The first welding shop appeared in Perm back in 1883 (yes)
The height of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is 324 meters, so at the time of its installation, the tower was rightfully considered the tallest building in the world (9441 tons and approximately 18,038 wrought iron parts) (yes)
Aluminum is one of the most abundant elements not only on Earth, but also in the Universe (no) (iron)
If you look at welding for a long time, you can really get burned and partially or even completely lose your sight (yes) (mask)
3-4 category of the welder allows welding under water (no)
Luka Ivanovich Borchaninov - worker, one of the first welders in Russia (yes)
Evgeny Oskarovich Paton is an outstanding Soviet engineer and scientist in the field of welding and bridge construction. Made a significant contribution to increasing the production of T - 34 tanks during the war years (yes)
Valery Nikolaevich Kubasov - Soviet cosmonaut, was the first in the world to conduct welding work in space (yes)
The first railway was put into operation in England in 1996 (no) (in 1825, and in Russia Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo in 1837)

Reflection

1. At the event I worked

Passive / active

2. By my work I

Satisfied / dissatisfied

3. The event seemed to me

Short / long

4. For the event I

Not tired / tired

5. My mood

Improved / worsened

6. The material was me

Understandable / incomprehensible
Useful / unnecessary
Interesting / boring
Light / heavy

Welding profession

The time of the emergence of the profession of a welder can be considered 1802, when V. Petrov discovered the effect of an electric arc, when it occurs between two carbon electrodes, a high temperature is created. This temperature is so high that it can melt the metals. A considerable period of time passed from the moment of this discovery to its industrial application. But decades later, the method of joining metals by the electric arc method revolutionized various industries, construction and became a mass technology for joining materials. ...

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