Плюсы и минусы диеты на английском языке. Сочинение на английском языке с переводом
Уровень B. Классическое эссе.
About diets
I would like to tell about diets. Some people say that diets are very useful for health. Others claim that diets are harmful for people. I support the former point of view, and I will try to prove it to you.
Firstly, diets help people to lose weight and keep a good shape. Overweight is bad health; it impairs the performance of the heart and blood vessels. It is heavy for people to move, they try to minimize their physical stress, and the problems with limbs may appear.
Secondly, there are special sports diets. They help athletes to maintain and develop their muscle mass, which, in its turn, will help them to set new personal bests. This is such a diet as protein and carbohydrate.
Thirdly, people with diseases such as diabetes need to stick to a diet. They should not have products with high sugar content.
But there is another point of view. Some people mention such diseases as anorexia and bulimia, from which many people in the world suffer now. There are also a lot of girls sitting on strict diets to achieve their goal, slim figure, but after that they suffer from diseases of the stomach and digestive tract.
I consider that anorexia and bulimia are psychological disorders, they are not related to diets, and to recover it is necessary to consult a psychiatrist. But a thin body is not a sign of anorexia. And not to get gastric diseases, you ought to know when to stop and do not harass a hunger strike.
In the conclusion, I would like to tell that I am for diets; they help people to struggle with a serious illness and to be more mobile and cheerful.
Я хотела бы рассказать о диетах. Некоторые люди говорят, что диеты очень полезны для здоровья. Другие утверждают, что диеты вредны для людей. Я поддерживаю первую точку зрения, и я попытаюсь доказать ее вам.
Во-первых, диеты помогают людям похудеть и поддерживать хорошую форму. Избыточный вес вреден для здоровья; он ослабляет работа сердца и кровеносных сосудов. Людям тяжело двигаться, они пытаются минимизировать свои физические нагрузки, и всвязи с этим могут появиться проблемы с конечностями.
Во-вторых, есть специальные спортивные диеты. Они помогают спортсменам поддерживать и развивать свою мышечную массу, которая, в свою очередь, поможет им установить новый личный рекорд. Это например такие диеты, как белковая и углеводная.
В-третьих, люди с болезнями, такими как диабет должны придерживаться диеты. У них не должно быть продуктов с высоким содержанием сахара.
Но есть другая точка зрения. Некоторые люди упоминают такие болезни, как анорексию и булимию, от которой много людей в мире сейчас страдает. Есть также много девочек, сидящих на строгих диетах, чтобы достигнуть их цели, стройной фигуры, но после этого они страдают от заболеваний желудка и пищеварительного тракта.
Я полагаю, что анорексия и булимия — психологические расстройства, они не связаны с диетами, и чтобы прийти в себя необходимо проконсультироваться с психиатром. Но худое тело — не признак анорексии. А чтобы не заболеть болезнями желудка, вы должны знать, когда следует остановиться, и не садится на голодовку.
В заключении я хотела бы сказать, что я за диеты; они помогают людям бороться с тяжелыми болезнями и быть более активными и жизнерадостными.
Developing healthy eating habits isn"t as confusing or as restrictive as many people imagine. The first principle of a healthy diet is simply to eat a wide variety of foods. This is important because different foods make different nutritional (питательный) contributions.
Secondly, fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes (бобовые) - foods high in complex carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, low in fat, and free of cholesterol-should make up the bulk of the calories you consume. The rest should come from low-fat dairy products (молочные продукты), lean meat and poultry (птица), and fish.
You should also try to maintain a balance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure-that is, don"t eat more food than your body can utilize. Otherwise, you will gain weight. The more active you are, therefore, the more you can eat and still maintain this balance.
Following these three basic steps doesn"t mean that you have to give up your favorite foods. As long as your overall diet is low in fat and rich in complex carbohydrates, there is nothing wrong with an occasional cheeseburger. Just be sure to limit how frequently you eat such foods, and try to eat small portions of them.
You can also view healthy eating as an opportunity to expand your range of choices by trying foods-especially vegetables, grains, or fruits-that you don"t normally eat. A healthy diet doesn"t have to mean eating foods that are bland or unappealing.
The following basic guidelines are what you need to know to construct a healthy diet.
1. Limit your total fat intake. Fat should supply less than 30% of your total daily calories. Limit your intake of fat by having a semi-vegetarian diet. Choose lean meats, light-meat poultry without the skin, fish, and low-fat dairy products. In addition, cut back on vegetable oils and butter-or foods made with these-as well as on mayonnaise, salad dressings (соусы), and fried foods.
2. Limit your intake of saturated fat (насыщенный жир). This is the kind of fat, found mostly in animal products, that boosts blood cholesterol levels and has other adverse health effects. It should supply less than one-third of the calories derived from fat.
3. Keep your cholesterol (холестерин) intake below 300 milligrams per day. Cholesterol is found only in animal products, such as meats, poultry, dairy products, and egg yolks.
4. Eat foods rich in complex carbohydrates. Carbohydrates should contribute at least 55% of your total daily calories. To help meet this requirement, eat plenty of fruits and vegetables and six or more servings of grains (preferably whole grains) or legumes daily. This will help you obtain the 20 to 30 grams of dietary fiber you need each day, as well as provide important vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals (plant chemicals essential to good health).
5. Avoid too much sugar. Besides contributing to tooth decay, sugar is a source of "empty" calories, and many foods that are high in sugar are also high in fat.
6. Make sure to include green, orange, and yellow fruits and vegetables-such as broccoli, carrots, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits. The antioxidants and other nutrients in these foods are regarded as increasingly important in helping protect against developing certain types of cancer (рак) and other diseases. Eat five or more servings a day.
7. Maintain a moderate protein intake. Protein should make up about 12% of your total daily calories. Choose low-fat sources.
8. Eat a variety of foods. Don"t try to fill your nutrient requirements by eating the same foods day in, day out. It is possible that not every essential nutrient has been identified, and so eating a wide assortment of foods helps to ensure that you will get all the necessary nutrients. In addition, this will limit your exposure to any pesticides or toxic substances that may be present in one particular food.
9. Limit your sodium intake to no more than 2,400 milligrams per day. This is equivalent to the amount of sodium in a little more than a teaspoon of salt. Cut back on your use of salt in cooking and on the table; avoid salty foods; check food labels for the inclusion of ingredients containing sodium.
10. Maintain an adequate calcium intake. Calcium is essential for strong bones and teeth. Get your calcium from low-fat sources, such as skim milk and low-fat yogurt. If you can"t get the optimal amount from foods, take supplements.
11. Try to get your vitamins and minerals from foods, not from supplements (with the exceptions listed below). Supplements cannot substitute for a healthy diet, which supplies nutrients and other compounds besides vitamins and minerals. Foods also provide the "synergy" that many nutrients require to be efficiently used in the body.
12. Consider taking supplements of the antioxidant vitamins E (200 to 800 IU daily) and C (250 to 500 milligrams daily). Even if you eat a healthy diet, it"s unlikely you will get these amounts of E and C. Also consider taking a basic daily multivitamin/mineral supplement, especially if you are a woman of child-bearing age (who needs extra folic acid, a B vitamin) or over age 60 (because of decreased nutrient absorption by the body).
13. Maintain a desirable weight. Balance energy (calorie) intake with energy output. Eating a low-fat diet will help you maintain-or lower-your weight, as will regular exercise.
14. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation (умеренно). That is one drink a day for women, two a day for men. A drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 4 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof spirits. Excess alcohol consumption leads to a variety of health problems. And alcoholic beverages (напитки) can add many calories to your diet without supplying nutrients.
Topic: Kinds of Diets
Тема: Виды диет
Nowadays we use the word “diet” mainly when we mean that someone is trying to lose weight. “I am on a diet” usually means that a person doesn’t eat high-calorie food. This word has become so popular that it is often used as a marketing tool. For example, in a supermarket we can find dietary biscuits, dietary dairy products and even dietary Cola. But does the prefix “dietary” make all these products really good for our health? Of course, no. “Dietary” is not a synonym for “healthy”, as well as “diet” is not a synonym for “healthy nutrition”. In fact, a diet is just a way of nutrition, or a sum of all food products that are consumed by a particular person. A diet can be healthy or unhealthy, vegetarian, milk-free or zero-carb; it can be intended for losing or for gaining weight, and so on. The diet, which is good for one person, can be absolutely unacceptable for another one.
В наши дни мы используем слово «диета», в основном, когда подразумеваем, что кто-то пытается похудеть. «Я на диете» обычно означает, что человек не ест калорийную пищу. Это слово стало настолько популярным, что его часто используют в качестве маркетингового инструмента. Например, в супермаркете мы можем обнаружить диетическое печенье, диетические молочные продукты и даже диетическую колу. Но делает ли приставка «диетический» эти продукты по-настоящему полезными для здоровья? Конечно, нет. "Диетический" – это не синоним слова «полезный», точно так же, как и диета - не синоним правильного питания. На самом деле, диета – это всего лишь способ питания или совокупность всех продуктов, употребляемых определенным человеком. Диета может быть полезной и вредной, вегетарианской, безмолочной или безуглеводной; они может быть предназначена для похудения или набора веса, и т.д. Диета, которая подходит одному человеку, может быть абсолютно неприемлемой для другого.
There are some diets that are well-known and widely used in different countries of the world. Probably, the most renowned of them is a vegetarian diet, which suggests full or partial abstinence from any food of animal origin. Vegetarianism in a broad sense is not just a diet; it’s a style of life. Some peoples can not eat meat for religious reasons, others – for moral compulsion. And still others just believe that it is good for their health. It should be noted that there are several . Thus, the vegans don’t eat any animal food including fish, eggs or dairy products. The lacto-vegetarians and eggs, but do not eat meat and fish. Finally, the semi-vegetarians can eat fish, seafood and poultry but don’t consume animal meat. In general, a vegetarian diet can be rather healthy. Vegetarians are less subject to obesity, coronary heart disease and heart attacks; they suffer from high blood pressure more rarely. But the right vegetarian diet must include all vital ingredients: proteins, fats, carbs, minerals and vitamins. Otherwise, lack of amino acids, calcium, iron, and B-group vitamins can cause bones brittleness, loss of hair and teeth, anemia, and other health problems.
Некоторые диеты хорошо известны и широко используются в разных странах мира. Наверное, самой известной из них является вегетарианская диета, которая предполагает полный либо частичный отказ от любой пищи животного происхождения. Вегетарианство в широком смысле – не просто диета, это стиль жизни. Некоторые люди не могут есть мясо по религиозным причинам, другие – из моральных соображений. Ну а третьи просто считают, что это полезно для здоровья. Стоит отметить, что существует несколько видов вегетарианской диеты. Так, веганы не употребляют вообще никакой животной пищи, включая рыбу, яйца и молочные продукты. Лакто-вегетарианцы употребляют молоко, молочные продукты и яйца, но не едят мясо и рыбу. Наконец, полу-вегетарианцы едят рыбу и птицу, но не едят мясо животных. В целом, вегетарианская диета бывает весьма полезной. Вегетарианцы менее склонны к ожирению, коронарной болезни сердца, инфарктам и реже страдают от высокого давления. Но правильная вегетарианская диета должна включать все жизненно необходимые ингредиенты: белки, жиры. углеводы, минералы и витамины. В противном случае, недостаток аминокислот, кальция, железа, витаминов группы В может вызвать хрупкость костей, потерю волос и зубов, анемию и другие проблемы со здоровьем.
Another popular diet is a low-carb or zero-carb diet. Virtually, it is an analogue of a high-protein diet. Within the framework of this nutrition pattern you are allowed to eat as much protein food as you want, but high-carb food consumption is strictly limited. This diet is especially popular with sportsmen and bodybuilders. What is the best protein food? It is low-fat meat and by-products, fish and seafood, milk, cheese and eggs, nuts, leafy vegetables and non-sweet fruit and berries. So, keeping this diet you won’t stay hungry. At the same time, full abstinence from carbs can cause metabolic disorder, problems with memory, headaches and other diseases. So, a low-carb diet allows some bread (ideally - wholegrain), cereals and vegetables. But “unhealthy” carbs, such as sugar, sweets, cookies, white flour and starchy products are strictly forbidden. An important moment: keeping a high-protein diet, you should drink much water in order to avoid metabolic problems.
Еще одна популярная диета – это низкоуглеводная или безуглеводная. По сути, это аналог белковой диеты. В рамках этой схемы питания можно есть сколько угодно белковой пищи, тогда как употребление углеводов строго ограничено. Это диета особо популярна у спортсменов и бодибилдеров. Что является лучшей белковой пищей? Это нежирное мясо и субпродукты, рыба и морепродукты, молоко, сыр и яйца, орехи, листовые овощи и несладкие фрукты и ягоды. Так что, придерживаясь этой диеты, голодными вы не останетесь. В то же время, полный отказ от углеводов может привести к метаболическим нарушениям, проблемам с памятью, головным болям и прочим болезням. Поэтому, низкоуглеводная диета иногда позволяет хлеб (в идеале - зерновой), крупы и овощи. Но «вредные» углеводы, такие как сахар, сладости, белая мука и крахмалистая пища строго запрещены. Важный момент: при белковой диете следует пить много воды, чтобы избежать проблем с обменом веществ.
A low-fat diet, as the term suggests, limits fats consumption. It is particularly important for people of ripe years, especially for those prone to obesity. This diet is aimed at reducing blood cholesterol level, which, in turn, lowers the risk of ischemic heart disease. In the framework of this diet, fatty meat products are substituted with lean ones. Besides, consumption of pork, mayonnaise, egg yolk, butter, cream and whole milk is forbidden or strictly limited.
Диета с пониженным содержанием жира, как следует из названия, ограничивает потребление жиров. Она особенно важна для людей в возрасте, особенно для тех, кто склонен к полноте. Эта диета направлена на понижение холестерина в крови, что уменьшает риск ишемической болезни сердца. В рамках этой диеты жирные мясные продукты заменяются постными. Кроме этого, употребление свинины, майонеза, желтка, сливочного масла, сливок, цельного молока запрещено или строго ограничено.
The so-called South Beach Diet allows “good” carbohydrates and fats and restricts consumption of proteins. As the authors of this diet believe, good carbs are contained in wholegrain bread and brown rice. These high-fiber products are good for digesting, contain a lot of vitamins and don’t cause obesity. As for “good” fats, they are contained in fish, seafood, nuts, seeds and alligator pear. These products are enough to satisfy the human need in fats. At the same time, “bad” saturated fats contained in butter, fatty meat, margarine, sweets don’t have any value, and so, they must be excluded. Such approach has a fair amount of sense, though it is controversial, because proteins contained in meat include amino acids, which can hardly be substituted with anything else.
Так называемая «диета Южного Пляжа» разрешает «хорошие» углеводы и жиры, и ограничивает потребление белков. Как считают авторы диеты, «хорошие» углеводы содержатся в цельнозерновом хлебе и буром рисе. Эти продукты с повышенным содержанием клетчатки хорошо влияют на пищеварение, содержат много витаминов и не вызывают ожирения. Что касается «хороших» жиров, то они содержатся в рыбе, морепродуктах. орехах, семечках и авокадо. Этих продуктов достаточно, чтобы удовлетворить потребность человека в жирах. В то же время, «плохие» насыщенные жиры, содержащиеся в сливочном масле, жирном мясе, маргарине и сладостях, не имеют ценности, а значит, их надо исключить. Такой подход не лишен здравого смысла, хотя и является противоречивым, так как белки, содержащиеся в мясе, включают аминокислоты, которые сложно заменить чем-то другим.
Of course, there are a lot of other diets, apart from the described ones. All of them have their pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages. One should choose a diet taking into account personal requirements of his body, depending on age, weight, gender, way of life and other aspects.
Конечно, существует еще много диет, помимо описанных. Все они имеют положительные и отрицательные стороны, достоинства и недостатки. Человек должен выбирать диету, принимая во внимание индивидуальные потребности организма, в зависимости от возраста, веса, пола, образа жизни и других аспектов.
It’s very important to choose a balanced, healthy diet. Fooc is fuel, and our minds and bodies depend on it for the energy tc be healthy and strong.
In many countries there has been growing public awareness in recent years of the importance of a healthy diet. Medica; research has shown that a diet which is low in fats, especially saturates, and rich in fruits, vegetables and starchy foods contributes to good health and can reduce the risk of certain serious illnesses. Many scientists believe they may have found key to a longer life – eat less and live longer!
While keeping to any diet, you must remember:
1. Eat less salt, sugar and saturated fat (which can be found in meat, dairy products;crisps, cakes, biscuits and chocolate).
2. Eat more raw fruit and vegetables, wholemeal bread and other foods rich in fibre (nuts, cereals, beans, etc.)
3. Check the “Contents” labels on packets and tins to see what they actually contain.
4.
If you want to lose weight, do it regularly. People who. lose weight quickly usually put it back on quickly, too.
5. Eat regularly – your body needs a steady flow of energy.
6. Drink five or six glass of water per day.
7. Get plenty of variety in your diet.
8. Reduce (or preferably cut out completely) the sugar you take in tea (coffee).
9. Don’t add salt to food a) while you’re cooking it; b) at the table. Add lemon juice, herbs or spices instead.
10. When you buy tinned vegetables, look for one’s with “No added salt” on the label.
11. To reduce the saturated fat in your diet a) grill food, don’t fry it; b) choose low-fat) products (cheeses, milk, etc.).
12. Don’t eat sugary foods too often.
13. Look after the vitamins and minerals in your food.
14. If you drink, keep within sensible limits.
15. Enj oy your food!
Good nutrition is important for good health. You need to eat the right foods to help prevent disease and control your weight. To eat the right foods is especially vital for children because they grow.
There are six basic food groups:
1) Breads, cereals, rice, and pasta
2) Vegetables
3) Fruits
4) Milk, yogurt, and cheese
5) Meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nuts
6) Fats, oils, and sweets.
Some foods with good nutrition such as ice-cream, are also high in fat or added sugar. So it’s better to choose reduced fat ice-cream.
It is natural that you may prefer some foods and hate others. However, for you to be healthy, all six groups are important.
What are your eating habits? What is your most favourite and least favourite food? What is your attitude to fast food?
Do you know that fast food is usually not healthy food? It is often high in fat, cholesterol, and sugar. And it is usually low in vitamins and minerals. For example, a hamburger and French fries are high in fat and cholesterol, which are the leading causes of heart disease. Cola is all sugar, and no nutrition. The only good news is that it’s fast.
Another bad thing is that you often eat in a hurry. You eat more when you are in a hurry, too. You eat without thinking about how much or how often you eat. You can be overweight, which is bad for your health.
Meat, term applied to the edible portions of domestic mammals such as cattle, calves, sheep, lambs, and swine. The meat of cattle is known as beef; calves, as veal; sheep, as mutton; lambs, as lamb; and swine, as pork. The term meat can be applied to the edible portions of poultry and wild birds and mammals (game) and to the portions of other animals such as crustaceans and reptiles that are eaten by humans.
Now it"s very fashionable to have a lean body and to keep a diet. There are many different opinions about it. Some say that diets are harmful and dangerous to health, others consider them useful. There are a lot of different dietary programs. Each of them excludes the certain number of products, due to this, weight loss occurs. There is a special diet menu for athletes, which help to gain muscle mass. People who have diabetes most often need to adhere to a certain diet. Based on the special literature you can develop your own program. Many nutritionists deny the use of restriction in foods, because the body needs nutrients: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, sugar, salt. During slimming, a person uses his internal reserves, when they are exhausted, various chronic diseases begin to develop.
Diet is a strong stress for the body. If you still managed to lose weight, then it"s very important not to gain weight. There are two such things as bulimia and anorexia. But they are problems of a psychological nature. The main thing is not to confuse the diet with a hunger strike.
The surest way to get rid of excess weight, eat fractional, balanced, often and in small portions. This eating will help not only to remove extra pounds, but also to avoid the occurrence of various diseases.
Перевод
Сейчас очень модно иметь худое тело и придерживаться какой-нибудь диете. Очень много споров по этому поводу. Одни говорят, что диеты вредны и опасны для здоровья, другие считают их полезными. Диетических программ очень много и все они разные. Каждая из них исключает из рациона определённый ряд продуктов, за счёт этого происходит снижение веса. Есть специальное диетическое меню для спортсменов, которые помогают набрать мышечную массу. Людям имеющим сахарный диабет более всего нужно придерживаться определенному рациону. Опираясь на специальную литературу можно самому разработать собственную программу. Многие диетологи отрицают пользу ограничения в продуктах, ведь организму нужны питательные вещества: белки, жиры, углеводы, сахар, соль. Во время похудения человек использует свои внутренние запасы, когда они истощаются, начинают развиваться различные хронические заболевания.
Диета - это сильный стресс для организма. Если все же удалось похудеть, то очень важно не набрать скинутый вес. Есть такие два понятия как булимия и анорексия. Но это уже проблемы психологического характера. Главное, не перепутать диету с голодовкой.
Самый верный способ избавиться от лишнего веса, питаться дробно, сбалансировано, часто и маленькими порциями. Подобного рода питание поможет не только убрать лишние килограммы, но и избежать возникновения различных болезней.
Тема "Диеты" (Diets) - 3.8 out of 5 based on 4 votes
