Растительный мир канады на английском языке. Канада

Yukon Territory, pronounced YOO kahn, is a region in northwest Canada. It is part of a vast subarctic region, with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The Yukon Territory is sparsely populated due to its harsh climate and rugged terrain. The territory has rich mineral deposits and magnificent scenery. Many prospectors hurried to the territory during the Klondike Gold Rush in 1897 and 1898. Today, mining remains the most important industry. Tourism and government are also important. The Yukon is one of Canada"s two political units called territories. The other is the Northwest Territories. Whitehorse is the Yukon"s capital and largest city. The land and its resources Location, size, and description. The Yukon Territory covers 186,661 square miles (483,450 square kilometers) in the shape of a rough triangle. The base rests on the border of British Columbia, and the peak on the Arctic Ocean. Alaska lies to the west of the territory, and the Northwest Territories lies to the east. Ranges of the largest mountain system of North America almost entirely cover the Yukon. The Rockies form part of this system but spread out into smaller chains in the southeast, near the Liard River. The highest peaks rise in the Saint Elias Mountains in the southwest. Mount Logan (19,524 feet, or 5,951 meters), in this range, is the highest point in Canada. The territory derives its name from the Yukon River. The word Yukon probably had its origin in the Kutchin Indian word Youcon (greatest or big river). The Yukon River drains more than half of the territory. Most of the rest is drained into the Mackenzie River through the Peel and Liard river systems. Natural resources. The territory has large deposits of asbestos, coal, copper, gold, lead, nickel, silver, and zinc. Valuable forests of white spruce cover much of the land. Other trees include birch, fir, pine, and poplar. Varieties of numerous fur-bearing animals live in the Yukon Territory. Animals of the region include bear, caribou, Dall"s sheep, elk, moose, and mountain goats. Among the game birds are grouse, ptarmigan, and waterfowl. Rare gyrfalcons and peregrine falcons also live in the Yukon Territory. Grayling, northern pike, lake and rainbow trout, salmon, and whitefish swim in the territory"s streams and lakes. Climate. The Yukon Territory has cold winters and cool summers. Average January temperatures are -2 °F (-19 °C) at Whitehorse and -16 °F (-27 °C) at Dawson. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the territory was -81 °F (-63 °C), at Snag Airport near the Alaska border on Feb. 3, 1947. Summer temperatures average from 50 °F (10 °C) in the north to 60 °F (16 °C) in the south. The territory"s record high temperature, 97 °F (36 °C), occurred in Mayo on June 14, 1969. Annual snowfall varies from 28 inches (70 centimeters) in the north to more than 79 inches (200 centimeters) in the south. Rainfall averages from 4 to 10 inches (9 to 26 centimeters) per year. The people The 1996 census reported that the Yukon Territory had 30,766 people. Most Yukoners have some British ancestry. There are about 3,500 North American Indians. Another 2,300 people have some American Indian ancestry. Almost all the people speak English. French is the native language of about 600 Yukoners. Tlingit, an Indian language, is spoken in some of the villages. About two-thirds of the territory"s people live in Whitehorse, the capital. Other Yukon communities include Dawson, Watson Lake, Faro, Ross River, and Haines Junction. Most people live in modern houses. Electric heaters, oil, and wood are used to heat houses. The burning of wood has caused air pollution problems in some suburbs of Whitehorse. Daily airline and trucking services bring perishable foods and other goods to the territory. Economy Service industries contribute more to the economy of the Yukon Territory than any other economic activity. Important community, business, and personal services in the territory include health care, education, and the operation of restaurants and hotels. Government services employ many people. Other service industries include transportation and communication; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and utilities. Information on transportation and communication appears later in this section. Every year, more than 400,000 people travel across the Yukon on the Alaska Highway. The Yukon section is regarded by many to be the most scenic part of the highway. Tourists also visit the Yukon to see scenes of the Klondike Gold Rush. Dawson has preserved many landmarks of that era. Many visitors to the Yukon Territory have read the works of the poet Robert William Service, who wrote his first famous works in Whitehorse. Tourist attractions in Whitehorse include the MacBride Museum and the S.S. Klondike, an old Yukon paddlewheeler. Kluane National Park lies in southwestern Yukon. Northern Yukon National Park lies at the northern tip of the territory. Spending by tourists contributes heavily to the service industries. Mining. The Yukon Territory"s mining industry is based almost entirely on the production of metal ores. The value of Yukon mineral production often varies greatly from year to year because the price of metal ores is unstable. When the value of a particular metal is low, mines that produce that type of ore may close. But when metal prices rise, many of these mines reopen. Zinc provides the most income for the Yukon"s mining industry. A large zinc mine operates at Faro. Other leading mineral products include gold, lead, and silver. Agriculture. Because of the short summer, most farmers plant only quick-growing vegetables. Several farmers have market gardens, and others grow hay. Excellent vegetables are grown in greenhouses during the long hours of sun in the spring and summer. Manufacturing. The Yukon has several small manufacturing industries. Goods manufactured there have a value added by manufacture of about $12 million a year. This figure represents the increase in value of raw materials after they become finished products. The region"s leading manufactured products are printed materials, fabricated metal products, and processed foods, especially fish. Other industries in the Yukon make chemicals, eyeglass lenses, jewelry, wood products, and Indian-style winter coats called Yukon parkas. Fishing industry. A small amount of commercial fishing for salmon takes place mainly on the Yukon and Alsek river systems. Whitefish and trout are caught in Lake Laberge and Teslin Lake. Fur industry. Some people of the Yukon make a living as trappers. The chief animals trapped are beavers, lynxes, martens, muskrats, and wolverines. Transportation and communication. Three airlines connect the Yukon Territory with Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, and the Northwest Territories. The Alaska Highway extends for about 600 miles (970 kilometers) through the Yukon. The 450-mile (725-kilometer) Dempster Highway connects the Yukon with Inuvik in the Northwest Territories. Bus service provides connections to cities in Alaska, Alberta, and British Columbia. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) has a radio station at Whitehorse. Automatic relays transmit its programs to the entire territory. Two other radio stations also serve Whitehorse. Live CBC television service reaches nearly all Yukon communities via communications satellite. Many communities also have cable TV. Telephone service is widespread. Two newspapers publish in Whitehorse. Education and social services Education. The territorial government maintains public and Roman Catholic schools. Most of the population centers have elementary and junior high school programs (kindergarten through grade 9). Senior high school programs (grades 10 through 12) are offered in Carmacks, Dawson, Faro, Haines Junction, Mayo, Pelly Crossing, Watson Lake, and Whitehorse. Yukon College, in Whitehorse, is the only school of higher education. Social services. Resident doctors live in Dawson, Faro, Mayo, Watson Lake, and Whitehorse. Resident dentists have offices in Whitehorse and visit other settlements periodically. Dawson, Mayo, Watson Lake, and Whitehorse have hospitals. Other settlements are served by nursing stations. Government The Canadian government appoints a commissioner to serve as honorary head of government for the Yukon Territory. The commissioner acts on recommendations from an Executive Council (cabinet), whose members direct government departments. A government leader presides over the council and is the actual head of the territorial government. The government leader is a member of the territory"s 17-member elected Yukon Legislative Assembly and the leader of the majority political party. The Assembly is the territory"s lawmaking body. The territorial government deals with such regional matters as education, public works, social services, and taxation. The people elect one representative to the Canadian House of Commons. The territory is also represented by one member in the Canadian Senate. History Indians have lived in the Yukon area since prehistoric times. In the 1840"s, Robert Campbell, a British fur trader of the Hudson"s Bay Company, became the first white person to explore the Yukon region. Campbell built a trading post on the Pelly River at Fort Selkirk in 1848. But Chilkat Indians looted and burned the post a short time later. The Yukon area was a part of the company"s fur-trading empire until 1870, when the company began moving its operations to the Northwest Territories. The Yukon was made a district of the Northwest Territories in 1895. In 1898, it became a separate territory. On Aug. 17, 1896, George W. Carmack and his Indian friends Skookum Jim and Tagish Charlie made a gold strike on Bonanza Creek. This led to the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897 and 1898. The creek is a tributary of the Klondike River, near the present site of Dawson. Thousands of prospectors poured into the Yukon when news of the discovery reached the rest of the world. Simple methods of hand mining produced $22,275,000 of gold in 1900. A fleet of gold dredges soon began digging gold. Dredges still dig gold from the deposits. The miners in the Yukon were often rough and unruly. At the beginning of the gold rush, a detachment of the North-West Mounted Police entered the region to preserve order. The influx of prospectors increased the Yukon"s political importance. In 1898, the Yukon became a territory, and Dawson became the capital. At the height of the Klondike Gold Rush in 1898, an estimated 35,000 people lived in the Yukon Territory. Records show that 7,080 boats passed down the Yukon River in 1898, carrying 28,000 people. Approximately 5,000 people came to the territory by other routes. After much of the surface ore had been exhausted, many prospectors left the Klondike area. Whitehorse had railroad service. Because of this, it became the distributing point for the territory and grew more rapidly than Dawson. Whitehorse became the capital in 1953. In 1979, the federal government transferred authority over a number of local matters from the commissioner to the elected council. These areas included education and taxation. During the early 1980"s, the economy declined, mostly due to low metal prices. But by the end of the 1980"s, the territory"s economy had improved because of higher metal prices and the addition of new businesses and new jobs. For many years, Indians in the Yukon Territory have pushed for self-government and have sought title to their traditional lands. In 1995, federal laws went into effect which granted self-government to some Yukon Indians and settled their land claims.

Canada is situated in the northern part of the continent of North America. It does not include Alaska.

Canada has an area of nearly ten million square kilometres. It is the second largest country in area after Russia.

Its land boundaries are along the United States of America in the South and along Alaska (USA) in the North-West.

Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. In the North it is washed by the Arctic Ocean. And through the Arctic Ocean Canada stretches to the North Pole. This makes Canada the northernmost country in the world.

The country is very big and occupies the territory from the Great Lakes in the South to the Arctic Circle in the North. So, it has many different types of land: arctic tundra, mountains, forests, central plains and vast prairies, high plains, fjords, lakes and rivers, islands and even a desert.

There are many islands in the North — the best known is Victoria Island.

Canada is so big that a former prime minister of Canada, Mackenzie King, once said that Canada had "too much geography"... And he was certainly right.

The Rocky Mountains and the Coast Mountains run along the Pacific coast.

The Western Cordillera is famous for the country’s highest mountain, Mount Logan, 5,951 metres high. It is situated on the territory of Yukon.

In Labrador and parallel to the eastern coast of Canada there are also mountains. Labrador is a peninsula on the eastern coast of Canada. Some mountains are also on the island of Baffin Land.

Almost half of the territory of Canada is occupied by the Canadian Shield. It is a huge area which has a shape of a horse-shoe. It stretches around the Hudson Bay from Labrador coast to the St. Lawrence lowlands. The Canadian shield is:

• the largest natural region in Canada;
• the world’s largest freshwater island;
• the most sparsely populated territory in Canada.

Geographers gave this region its name because they thought its shape was like a shield.

It is peculiar that water is everywhere in Canada. This country contains more freshwater than any other country — 25 per cent of the world’s resources.

Apart from the oceans on its sides, Canada is a country of lakes. It has seven of the world’s largest lakes (some shared with the US). The province of Ontario alone has 400,000 lakes, big and small, so many that we can hardly count them.

The Great Lakes are situated along the boundary between Canada and the USA. They include 5 lakes:

• the Huron
• the Ontario
• the Michigan (this lake is on the territory of the USA)
• the Erie
• the Superior

For you to remember their names better, keep in mind the combination of letters — H, O, M, E and S (HOMES) — where H stands for the Huron, O stands for the Ontario etc.

There are three larger lakes such as:

• Great Bear Lake
• Great Slave Lake
• Lake Winnipeg

In addition to the lakes Canada has three of 20 world’s largest rivers.

• the St. Lawrence River
• the Mackenzie
• the Yukon

All of them flow into three different oceans: the St. Lawrence River flows into the Atlantic Ocean, the Mackenzie flows into the Arctic Ocean from the Rocky Mountains and the Yukon flows into the Pacific Ocean.

Besides these three, there are also the Nelson and the Saskatchewan.

Niagara Falls are one of the most wonderful sights in the world. They are located on the Niagara River between the province of Ontario in Canada and the state of New York in the USA (see page 89).

Since Canada is so big and stretches for thousands of kilometres it has many climatic regions with their own weather conditions.

Winter in Canada lasts from four to five months with heavy snowfalls. There is much rain in the east and west but less in the central area. The north of the country, near the Arctic, is tundra with great forests to the South. The central plains form the prairies — a large area of grass-covered land.

There are many trees in this country — forests cover around 25 per cent of its land. Plant life is different and depends much on climate and land. Most common trees are sugar maple, beech, balsam poplar, fir, yellow pine, hemlock and cedar.

The maple tree has become the most prominent Canadian symbol. Its leaf can be found on the Flag of Canada, its coat of arms, coins and many other things.

The animals in the country have very much in common with those of Northern Europe and Asia. There is the beaver, the sable, the wolverine, the brown bear, the elk, the polar bear, the buffalo, the lemming and the grizzly bear.

The beaver became the official emblem of Canada in 1975.

The country has such mineral resources as iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, diamonds, silver, coal, natural gas.

Forests (with timber) and rivers (with hydropower stations and fish) and its wildlife are other important natural resources there.

Canada is one of the world’s largest exporters of agricultural products (wheat, meat, dairy products, some kinds of fruit, especially apples.

Перевод некоторых слов и географических названий:

the Pacific Ocean — Тихий океан, the Atlantic Ocean — Атлантический океан, the Arctic Ocean — Северный Ледовитый океан, the North Pole — Северный полюс, the Great Lakes — Великие озера, the Arctic Circle — Северный полярный круг, Victoria Island — о. Виктория, the Rocky Mountains — Скалистые горы, the Coast Mountains — Береговой хребет, The Western Cordillera — горы Западные Кордильеры, Mount Logan — гора Логан, Labrador — п-ов Лабрадор, Baffin Land — о. Баффинова Земля, The Canadian Shield — Канадский щит (выступ рельефа с северной стороны Северо-Американской Канадской платформы), The Hudson Bay — Гудзонов залив, Lake Superior — оз. Верхнее, Lake Huron — оз. Гурон, Lake Erie — оз. Эри, Lake Ontario — оз. Онтарио, Lake Michigan — оз. Мичиган, Great Bear Lake — Большое Медвежье озеро, Great Slave Lake — Большое Невольничье озеро, Lake Winnipeg — оз. Виннипег, the Mackenzie — р. Маккензи, the Yukon — р. Юкон, the St. Lawrence River — р. Святого Лаврентия, the Nelson — р. Нельсон, the Saskatchewan — р. Саскачеван, Niagara Falls — Ниагарский водопад, maple — клен, sugar maple — клен сахарный, beech — бук, буковое дерево, balsam poplar — тополь индейский бальзамический, fir — пихта; ель, yellow pine — желтая сосна, hemlock — тсуга (хвойное дерево), cedar — кедр

Данный текст поможет вам написать сочинение по английскому языку для 9, 10, 11 классов на темы "Канада", "География Канады", "Природа Канады".

Канада считается одной из самых больших мировых стран по занимаемой площади. Необыкновенная и чудесная природа манит множество туристов, которые хотят насладиться дикой природой Канады.

Природные комплексы страны сохранились в своем первозданном естественном состоянии, несмотря на то, что они находятся очень близко с современными большими населенными пунктами. Приблизительно 10 часть площади страны дикая нетронутая природа. Местные жители очень горды за свои природные комплексы и всячески оберегают их. Здесь можно встретить множество редкостных представителей флоры и фауны.

Животный мир Канады

Самым знаменитым представителем животного мира Канады считается бобр. Это животное символ страны. Благодаря этим животным ранее была исследована и освоена большая площадь Канады.

Самым большим и опасным среди канадских животных является медведь. В Канаде проживает несколько разновидностей медведей:

1. Медведи-гризли. Эти представители медведей являются опасными и агрессивными представителями медвежьей семьи. Проживают в северо-западной части страны.
2. Бурый медведь. Животное размерами меньше своих побратимов медведей-гризли. Проживают возле тихоокеанского побережья.
3. Белые полярные медведи. Данный вид охраняется государством, поскольку является очень редким животным.
4. Черный медведь, проживает по всей площади страны.

Фауна Канады очень богата и разнообразна. В диких лесах можно встретить много представителей пушных. Среди представителей хищников, встречающихся в природе можно отметить волков, лисиц, рысей и койотов. На юге проживают вилорогие антилопы, разновидности оленей. На территориях северной и западной частей страны обитают бизоны, лоси, карибу, мускусные быки. Посетив район Британской Канады можно познакомится с толсторогами, называющихся еще снежными баранами, а также увидеть серых диких котов. Последние считаются уникальными животными страны.


В городских парках Канады можно встретить дикобразов, енотов и скунсов. Канада предлагает различные развлечения для туристов. Одним из таких развлечений - наблюдение за поведением китов у берегов океанов.

Проживает приблизительно около полтысячи семейств птичьих. Самыми популярными представителями пернатых считаются:

• Гагара красивая
• Большая голубая цапля
• Дикий канадский гусь

Водоемы страны наполнены различной рыбой. За прекрасным диким миром Канады можно наблюдать в национальных парках. В стране много таких парков. Самый знаменитый и большой считается парк "Вуд-Баффало".

Растительный мир Канады

Растительность Канады напрямую привязана к местному климату. Самые большие природные зоны растительного мира Канады - тайга и тундра. Северная часть материка почти круглогодично находится под снежным покровом.

На севере Канады наблюдается растительность, характерная для тундровой зоны. На юге страны простирается тайга с породами. На побережьях океанов прорастают хвойные леса. Восточная часть страны славится широколиственными лесами. На западе Канады простираются степные зоны - прерии.

Тундра. Располагается на севере страны. Здесь распространены карликовые виды растений: ивы, березы. Летом, на лужайках произрастают различные цветы: дриады, люпины и лютики. В тундре можно встретить такие растения как багульник, примула, различные злаки и осоки, клюква, кипрей.

Тайга. Является зоной хвойного леса и проходит через всю площадь страны. Тут прорастают черные ели, осины. Также на территории тайги прорастают и еловые леса. В тайге можно встретить клены, дубы, лиственницы, тополя, березы белые, кедры, рябины, осины.

Великие озера. В этой области можно встретить смешанные леса. В них растут: клен, береза, тсуга, бук, Веймутова сосна, ель и осина. Также на территории этой зоны прорастают пихты, клены, каштаны, тюльпанное дерево, магнолии, гикори, лесные ниссы.

Акадийские леса. Здесь господствуют хвойные породы. Растения Канады данной зоны: черная ель, бальзамическая пихта, красная ель, кедр, американская бук, лиственница, клены и береза желтая. В низкотравных областях прорастают келерия, ковыль и бутелоуа.


Британская Колумбия. В данной зоне прорастают: различные виды сосен, елей, американская лиственница, тсуга. Можно встретить различные сорта сосен, дугласию, орегонский дуб, осину. Из-за небольшого количества осадков, в некоторых местах можно встретить кактусы.

Канадская флора и фауна богата уникальными животными и растениями. Тысячи туристов каждый год посещают страну, чтоб полюбоваться дикой, нетронутой природой Канады. Канадцы оберегают свою богатую природу. Канада – лидирующая страна в мире по количеству не тронутых человеком территорий. Канадцы создают национальные природные парки, которые защищаются на правительственном уровне.

Дикая природа Канады видео

Canada is situated in the northern part of the North American continent. It is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Arctic Ocean and its seas in the north. That is why the climate and the nature of Canada are much varied.

The northern parts lie in the subarctic and arctic climatic zones. Most of the northern islands are covered with ice. The bays between them are covered with ice for 9-10 months a year. This territory has a climate with very cold winters and short, cool summers. The average winter temperature is about 35 degrees below zero. The average summer temperature is about 4 degrees above zero.

It contrasts with the rest of the territory, where the climate is moderate. This part gets enough amount of rainfall and heat. In the south there are large areas of fertile soils. The west of the country has a mild and humid climate thanks to a warm Pacific current. The average winter temperature is about 4 degrees above zero there. The average summer temperature is 21 degrees above zero.

The region of the Cordilleras is famous for its beautiful forests. Canadian west is the most attractive part of the country. The snow-capped mountains and ocean bays create a surprisingly beautiful atmosphere. Besides, Canadian south is known for its changeable weather. Sometimes it is too humid, and sometimes it is too dry: the weather can change very quickly. The Niagara Falls situated in that part of the country attracts people from all over the world by its unusual beauty.

Климат и природа Канады

Канада расположена в северной части североамериканского континента. Она омывается Тихим океаном на западе, Атлантическим океаном на востоке и Северно-Ледовитым океаном и его морями на севере. Поэтому климат и природа Канады очень разнообразны.

Северные части страны лежат в субарктических и арктических климатических зонах. Большинство северных островов покрыты льдом. Заливы между ними покрыты льдом в течение 9-10 месяцев в году. Эта территория имеет климат с очень холодной зимой и коротким, прохладным летом. Средняя температура зимой около 35 градусов ниже нуля. Средняя летняя температура составляет около 4 градусов выше нуля. Это контрастирует с остальной территорией, где климат умеренный. Эта часть получает достаточное количество осадков и высокой температуры. На юге находятся большие площади плодородных почв. Запад страны имеет мягкий и влажный климат, благодаря теплу Тихоокеанского течения. Средняя температура зимой составляет около 4 градусов выше нуля. Средняя летняя температура составляет 21 градус выше нуля.

Область Кордильер славится своими красивыми лесами. Западная Канада является наиболее привлекательной частью страны. Заснеженные горы и океанские бухты создают удивительно красивую обстановку. Кроме того, канадский юг известен своей переменчивой погодой. Иногда здесь слишком влажно, а иногда слишком сухо: погода может меняться очень быстро. Ниагарский водопад, расположенный в этой части страны, привлекает людей со всего мира своей необычайной красотой.

Канада занимает северную часть Севере - Американского континента. Страна омывается Тихим океаном на западе, Атлантическим океаном на востоке и Северным Ледовитым океаном и его морями на севере. Поэтому климат и природа Канады очень разнообразны. Северная часть находится в субарктической и арктической климатических зонах. Большинство северных островов покрыты льдом. Проливы между ними покрыты льдом 9-10 месяцев в году. Эта территория отличается климатом с очень холодной зимой и коротким, прохладным летом. Средняя температура зимой около

35 градусов ниже нуля. Средняя температура летом около четырех градусов выше нуля. Она контрастно отличается от остальной территории, где климат умеренный. Эта часть территории получает достаточное количество осадков и тепла. На юге находятся большие области плодородных земель. На западе страны климат мягкий и влажный благодаря теплому тихоокеанскому течению. Средняя температура зимой там 4 градуса выше нуля, средняя температура летом 21 градус выше нуля. Район Кордильер известен своими прекрасными лесами. Канадский запад - самая привлекательная часть страны. Там заснеженные вершины и тихоокеанские заливы создают удивительно красивую атмосферу. Кроме того, Канадский юг известен своей непостоянной погодой. Иногда там очень влажно, а иногда очень сухо: погода может измениться очень быстро. Ниагарский водопад, расположенный в этой части страны, привлекает людей со всего мира своей необычной красотой.

Перевод на английский :

Canada is situated in the northern part of the North American continent. It is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Arctic Ocean and its seas in the north. That is why the climate and the nature of Canada are much varied. The northern parts lie in the subarctic and arctic climatic zones. Most of the northern islands are covered with ice. The bays between them are covered with ice for 9-10 months a year. This territory has a climate with very cold winters and short, cool summers. The average winter temperature there is about 35 degrees below zero. The average summer temperature is about 4 degrees above zero. It contrasts with the rest of the territory, where the climate is moderate. This part gets enough amount of rainfall and heat. In the south there are large areas of fertile soils. The west of the country has a mild and humid climate thanks to a warm Pacific current. The average winter temperature is about 4 degrees above zero there. The average summer temperature is 21 degrees above zero. The region of the Cordilleras is famous for its beautiful forests. Canadian west is the most attractive part of the country. There snow-capped mountains and ocean bays create a surprisingly beautiful atmosphere. Besides, Canadian south is known for its changeable weather. Sometimes it is too humid, and sometimes it is too dry: the weather can change very quickly. The Niagara Falls situated in that part of the country attracts people from the whole world by its unusual beauty.

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