Базовые времена в английском языке. Упражнения для начинающих
Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение
«Многопрофильная гимназия №12» города Твери
Комплекс упражнений на тему
Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple
подготовила
учитель английского языка
Гордеева Наталья Филипповна
Тверь2014
Simple= Indefinite (Простое)
__PAST_____ ______PRESENT______ _______FUTURE___
Спутники : Спутники : Спутники :
Yesterday - every day (week,…) - tomorrow
The day before yesterday - usually - next week(year,…)
A week ago - often - in a week,(a month,…)
Last winter(week,…) - sometimes
Always
Форма : Форма : Форма :
V ed V, Vs will V
2- й столбик таблицы
Неправильных глаголов
Was, were am, is, are will be
Вспомогательный глагол Вспомогательный глагол Вспомогательный глагол Did Do \ does Will Отрицание Отрицание Отрицание didn’t +V don’t+V will not (won’t)+ V doesn’t + V
Wasn’t, weren’t am not, isn’t, aren’t will not be
**** V = Verb -глагол
Если в предложении есть глагол
Present Simple. They clean their teeth every day. ? Do they clean their teeth every day?- They don’t
clean their teeth every day.
- He doesn’t
clean his teeth every day.
Past Simple. They clean ed their teeth yesterday. (правильный глагол ) ? Did they clean their teeth yesterday?
- They didn’t
clean their teeth yesterday.
- They didn’t
write letters a week ago.
Future Simple. They will clean their teeth tomorrow. ? Will they clean their teeth tomorrow?
- They will not (won’t)
clean their teeth tomorrow.
Если в предложении нет глагола
Глагол-связка
Present I am at school now. He is at school now. They are at school now. ? Am I at school now? ? Is he at school now? ? Are they at school now? - I am not at school now. - He isn’t at school now. - They aren’t at school now.
Past (ед .ч ) (ед .ч ) (мн .ч )I was at school yesterday. He was at school yesterday. They were at school yesterday. ? Was I at school yesterday? ? Was he at school yesterday? ? Were they at school yesterday? - I was not at school yesterday. - He wasn’t at school yesterday. - They weren’t at school yesterday.
Future
They will be at school tomorrow . ? Will they be at school tomorrow?
- They will not (won’t) be
at school tomorrow.
Задание1. O
- We read books every week.
- We drank coffee yesterday.
- He skated last winter.
- They are happy.
- My mum was sad yesterday.
Задание 2. Раскрыть скобки:
He ______________(to clean) his teeth every day.
We ______________(to play) snowballs last winter.
Tom ______________(to get) a letter yesterday.
Mary______________(to read) a new book next week.
I often ______________(to visit) my friend in Moscow.
Helen usually __________(to do) her homework at 7 pm.
Tomorrow my mother ______________(to buy) a new dress.
Five months ago I ____________(to swim) in the river.
Yesterday he ____________(to be) at the zoo.
Next summer he ____________(to be) at the zoo.
Now he ____________(to be)at the zoo.
We _____(to go) to the park tomorrow?
He ___________visit his granny yesterday?
You ____(to play) computer games every day?
He_____(to play) computer games every day?
Tomorrow they______________(not be) at school.
I_______________(not to watch) TV yesterday.
Tim _________________(not to drink) hot milk every day.
We ________________(not to visit) friends every Sunday.
I________________(not to be) at the park now.
Boris _____________(not to be) at home now.
I and my friend _____________(not to be)at the zoo a week ago.
Ответы: Задание1. O бразовать вопросительную и отрицательную формы из данных предложений:
- We read books every week.
- He plays computer games every Sunday.
Does he play computer games every Sunday?
He doesn’t play computer games every Sunday.
- We drank coffee yesterday.
Did we drink coffee yesterday?
We didn’t drink coffee yesterday.
- He skated last winter.
Did he skate last winter?
He didn’t skate last winter.
- Bob will write a letter tomorrow.
- They are happy.
Are they happy?
They aren’t happy.
- My mum was sad yesterday.
Was my mum sad yesterday?
My mum wasn’t sad yesterday.
- We were at the zoo last week.
- She will be with her friend tomorrow.
She will be with her friend tomorrow.
She will be with her friend tomorrow.
Задание 2. Раскрыть скобки:
Список используемой литературы:
Баранов К.М., Дули Д, Копылова В.В. УМК “ Starlight”, 4 класс, М: « Просвещение», 2013
Типичная ситуация, когда вы изучили базовые времена в английском языке по отдельности, но прошло некоторое время и они перепутались у вас в голове. В этом случае начинать изучение времен сначала не надо! Надо просто систематизировать ваши знания, то есть не просто повторить, а разложить все по полочкам. Такие знания имеют логическую основу и забыть их просто невозможно!
Итак, в этом уроке мы повторим все изученные времена в английском языке Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple и Future Simple, но сделаем это в сравнении.
Времена в английском языке для начинающих (Повторение — Revision)
1. Present Simple VS Present Continuous
Упражнение 1. Как видно из таблицы в этих временах к глаголу-действию добавляются окончания: -S и -ING. Выполните упражнение и вспомните, какие изменения происходят с глаголом при добавлении этих окончаний.
Упражнение 2. Заполните таблицу, используя Present Simple или Present Continuous.
Present Simple | Present Continuous | ||
1. | I / read | I read. | I am reading. |
2. | They / do | ||
3. | She / learn | ||
4. | He / speak | ||
5. | It /get | ||
6. | We / run | ||
7. | He / write | ||
8. | She / stay | ||
9. | They / carry | ||
10. | I / sleep |
Упражнение 3. Составьте предложения. Используйте Present Simple или Present Continuous.
Упражнение 4. Закончите предложения. Используйте Present Simple или Present Continuous.
- I …… (watch) TV every day.
- They ………… (watch) cartoons at the moment.
- She ………….. (like) watching news.
- Mark ……… (make noise) now.
- They………… (want) to go to the ballet school.
- Kate ………… (have) dancing lessons in a club.
- Our teacher ………… (make) us do homework.
- Our mother ………… (make) us clean your room every day.
- I ……. (want) to do boxing.
- My friend ………… (do) boxing now.
Упражнение 5.
Вспомните, как строятся вопросы и ответы в Present Simple и Present Continuous.
1. …………………… you usually wear jeans? — Yes, …………………………
2. ……………………. you wearing jeans now?- Yes, …………………………
3. ……………………. he wear the shoes in winter? — Yes, ………………………..
4. ……………………. he wearing a cap? — Yes, …………………………
5. ……………………. your sister wear T-shirts? — No, …………………………
6. ……………………. he doing his homework? — No, …………………………
7. ……………………. they watching TV? — No, …………………………
8…………………….. they watch TV in the morning? — No, …………………………
Упражнение 6.
Найдите ошибки в предложении.
2. Present Simple & Past Simple & Future Simple
Изучите таблицу простых времен в английском языке — Simple Tenses и ответьте на вопросы.
Вопросы:
- Какие вспомогательные глаголы используются в Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple?
- Какие формы глаголов используются в Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple (+)?
- Какие окончания добавляются к глаголам в Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple (+)?
- Сохраняются ли окончания в (-) и (?) предложениях? Какие правила про окончания вы помните?
Упражнение 7.
* * *
Глагол BE – является неправильным и имеет в прошедшем времени формы was – был (а), were – были.
Упражнение 8.
Выполните, используя Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple.
Упражнение 9. Вспомните конструкцию местонахождения There is/ are и выполните упражнение, употребляя эту конструкцию в разных временах.
1. Our park is nice. …………………………………… a good playground there.
2. ………………………………. an old house near our school a year ago. Now……………………………….. a new playground there.
3. ……………………………….. some strawberries in the fridge. You can take them.
4. ………………………………. some bananas in the bag. Where are they now?
5. ………………………………. a lot of apples in autumn.
6. ………………………………. a lot of apples next autumn.
7. ………………………………. a stadium and three playgrounds near our house. We can play sports every day.
8. ………………………………. three playgrounds and a stadium near our house. We always play sports after school.
9. ………………………………. three apples and a banana in the fridge. You can give them to Sam.
10. ………………………………. a banana and three apples in the fridge. Can we make fruit salad?
Вы помните английские неправильные глаголы и их формы в прошедшем времени? Заполните таблицу.
D1 (глагол в 1 форме) | D2 (глагол в 2 форме) | D3 (глагол в 3 форме) | |
1. | be | ||
2. | have | ||
3. | do | ||
4. | write | ||
5. | go | ||
6. | get | ||
7. | know | ||
8. | eat | ||
9. | drink | ||
10. | change |
Упражнение 10 . Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем времени.
On Monday we have five lessons. The first lesson is Russian. At this lesson we write a dictation and do some exercises. Nick goes to the blackboard. He answers well and gets a «five». Pete does not get a «five» because he does not know his lesson. After the second lesson I go to the canteen. I eat a sandwich and drink a cup of tea. I do not drink milk. After school I do not go home at once. I go to the library and change the book. Then I go home!
Упражнение 11. Заполните таблицу. Используйте Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple.
Present Simple | Past Simple | Future Simple | |
1. | I see. | I saw. | I will see. |
2. | He is happy. | ||
3. | I am ready. | ||
4. | It catches me. | ||
5. | They feel sad. | ||
6. | He falls down. | ||
7. | She tries. | ||
8. | It eats. | ||
9. | They stay. | ||
10. | We study. |
Упражнение 12. Переведите временные выражения-подсказки. Распределите их по изученным временам и нарисуйте схемы времен.
- sometimes_________________
- yesterday__________________
- soon______________________
- next day___________________
- in 2000____________________
- ago _______________________
- always_____________________
- often______________________
- in a day____________________
- usually________________
- last __________________
- tomorrow____________
Вспомните подсказки на пройденные времена.
Упражнение 13.
Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужном времени
1. Не often (bring) me flowers. 2. I (meet) Paul yesterday. 3. They (visit) us tomorrow. 4. What (you/do) next morning? 5. Mr Jones (buy) a car last month. 6. Mary (go) to school on foot every day. 7. It (be) hot soon. 8. The baby (not/sleep) well last week. 9. He never (drive) fast. 10. Lessy (live) in Paris in 1989.
Упражнение 14. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в нужном времени Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple.
Если вы не нашли подсказку в предложении , переведите его и подумайте в каком времени (настоящем, прошедшем или будущем) оно лучше звучит. Если сомневаетесь, используйте Present Simple Tense.
1. I (know) his family. 2. She (not/study) at this school. 3. … you (see) them yesterday? 4. He (not/have) a dog. 5. They (write) exercises at the lessons. 6. She (start) school last year. 7. She (not/go) to school. 8. There (be) an interesting film on TV soon. 9. I (not/go) to the country on my holidays next year. 10. Last week we (be) at the library.
Упражнение 15.
- We often_____________(play) basketball.
- I ____________(spend) next holidays very well (хорошо).
- Tomorrow he __________(spend) money and __________(buy) a new CD.
- They __________(go) abroad last month.
- We ___________(go) to football matches every year.
- She ___________(go) shopping yesterday evening.
- He _____________(miss) his parents last month.
- She ____________(make) cakes every day.
- They ___________(ask) a lot of questions next week.
- We ___________ (discuss) texts at the lesson tomorrow.
Упражнение 16. Закончите предложения. Используйте Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple.
- He _________ (not meet) his friend every week.
- She _________ (not meet) her parents yesterday.
- They ___________ (fight) last week.
- When _______the party________(begin) tomorrow?
- What _______you ______(get) for your last birthday?
- He often ____________(to forget) his textbook at home.
- The teacher _______(to hear) the noise at the last desk.
- They ___________(not to win) the prize yesterday.
- I _____________(not to feed) my cat every day.
- What ______ you _______(do) tomorrow?
* * *
3. Present Simple & Past Simple & Future Simple & Present Continuous
Упражнение 17.
- (Granny / teach me English / now)
- (Granny / teach me English / when I was seven)
- (They / speak English / at the moment)
- (She / speak English well / soon)
- (He / use the computer / now)
- (He / use the computer / every day)
- (We / learn the rules / at the moment)
- (We / learn new rules / tomorrow)
- (I / do lessons / now)
- (I / do lessons / two days ago)
Упражнение 18. Закончите предложения. Используйте Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple & Present Continuous.
- He ……………………… (wash) his car last Saturday.
- He ………………………. (wash) his car at the moment.
- He often………………… (wash) his car.
- We ……………………….. (buy) the chair a month ago.
- They ………………….. (make) friends when they………………. (be) little children.
- She……………………….. (do) a grammar exercise now.
- She is a pupil. She often …………… (do) grammar exercises.
- She……………………………(do) the exercise an hour ago.
- His grandfather …………….. (work) at the circus when he ……………………. (be) young.
- Don’t ask him any questions now. He …………….., (work).
Вы выполнили 17 упражнений на времена в английском языке Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple и Present Continuous. Поздравляем! Теперь вы знаете основные времена в английском языке. Переходите к другим разделам. Продолжайте изучать английский язык на уровне (beginer- intermediate) на сайте .
a) visits; b) visited; c) visit; d) will visit
2. There… 30 pupils in our class last year.
a) were; b) was; c) are; d) is
3. I can …English very well.
a) spoke; b) speaks; c) speak; d) will speak
4. … they go to the Zoo with us next week?
a) shall; b) will; c) do; d) did
5. I…to my friend’s place yesterday.
a) goed; b) went; c) goes; d) will go
6. He will not…his holidays in America.
a) spent; b) spended; c) spends; d) spend
7. My pencil…on the table yesterday. My mother…it in the box.
a) was not, put; b) are not, put; c) were not, put; d) was not, puts
8. Do you like…to school? Yes, I…
a) to go, did; b) go, do; c) to go, do; d) to go, don’t
9. We learn how to use computers at… lessons.
a) I.T. ; b) Literature; c) Drama; d) Maths
10. She wanted to… us about her brother.
a) say; b) tell; c) speak; d) show
Choose the right variant:
- I …to school every day.
a) go; b) will go; c) went;
2. My mother… Moscow last year.
a) visit; b) will visit; c) visited
3. She …good English. She is my friend.
a) speaks; b) will speak; c) spoke ;
4. I… to the village next summer.
a) go; b) will go; c) went;
5. My father often…milk in this supermarket.
a) buys; b) will buy; c) bought;
Впиши пропущенные формы глаголов:
Buy - … … - went
… - drew see - …
Eat - … watch - …
Cook - … play - …
Запиши, чем занимались вчера члены семьи.
My mum My dad My sister My brother | cooked read skied washed | dinner. a book. my homework. the dishes. in the park. |
Work – worked [t]
Live –
Jump –
Wash –
Play –
Close –
Dress –
Introduce –
2. Поставьте приведенные ниже правильные глаголы в прошедшую форму. Напишите и прочитайте их.
Want – wanted
Ask –
Help –
Answer –
Open –
Stop –
Last –
Link –
3. Поставьте приведенные ниже правильные глаголы в прошедшую форму. Напишите и прочитайте их.
act – acted
attend –
celebrate –
consist –
play –
date –
guess –
respect –
4. Поставьте приведенные ниже правильные глаголы в прошедшую форму. Напишите и прочитайте их.
arrive – arrived [d]
base –
combine –
consult –
defend –
divide –
exist –
remain –
5. Поставьте приведенные ниже правильные глаголы в прошедшую форму. Напишите и прочитайте их.
Work – worked [t]
Return –
Start –
Suggest –
Translate –
Turn –
Wish –
Stop –
6. Поставьте приведенные ниже правильные глаголы в прошедшую форму. Напишите и прочитайте их.
Restore –
Seem –
Settle –
Stretch –
Support –
Treat –
Wave –
Play –
1/ Ask the following questions:
1. There are twenty children in our class. (How many children?)
2. She will start her homework tomorrow. (When?)
3. I am a pupil of the fifth form. (Who?)
4. They opened the window two hours ago. (What?)
5. My friends are from Great Britain. (Where?)
6. We are going to travel to Moscow. (Where?)
7. I usually have breakfast with my father. (With whom?)
8. My brother will read this book next month. (When?)
9. There are five pens on the desk. (How many?)
10. They didn’t visit their granny yesterday. (Why?)
11. Kate can play chess very well. (What?)
12. He will travel to London with his friends. (With whom?)
13. They go to school at 7 o’clock every day. (When?)
14. Kate is from Russia. (Where?)
15. We bought two pencils yesterday. (What?)
2/ Open the brackets:
1. Last week I (to visit) my grandparents.
2. We (not to be) at school yesterday.
3. My sister often (to read) books in the evening.
4. They (not to do) exercises every morning.
5. Helen (to play) chess with her brother tomorrow.
6. I (not to have) breakfast yesterday.
7. We usually (to invite) our friends to the party.
8. I (to be) in London last week.
1 вариант
1. Complete the sentences:
1) My mother is a…
2) His uncle is a…
3) I want to be a…
4) Jack will be a…
5) Is her friend a…?
2 вариант
1. Complete the sentences:
1) My aunt is a…
2) His father is a…
3) I shall be a…
4) Mr. Green is a…
5) Was she a…?
Choose the right variant:
1. Where …your parents last week?
A are C were
B did D was
2. Nick …to school every day.
A goes C go
B went D will go
A did … buy C does …buy
B will … buy D do …buy
4. I usually … my mother and
my father in the evening.
A helped C help
B helps D will help
5. My friend …at school last week.
A weren’t C isn’t
B didn’t be D wasn’t
6. When … your father … the
day after tomorrow?
A will … get up C does …get up
B did … get up D do … get up
7. My balls … in the box yesterday.
My brother … them.
A aren’t, taked C wasn’t, took
B weren’t, took D isn’t, taked
8. Who …up in your family? I … .
A wash, will do C washes, did
B will wash, does D washes, do
9. They … to the Zoo next week.
A goes C go
B will go D went
10. There … a bookshelf
With books in my room.
A are C were
B is D shall be
The USA (to be)___________one of the largest countries in the world. The Statue of Liberty (to be)___________one of the interesting monuments in New York. The Statue of Liberty (to stand) ___________ in New York Harbour. Liberty (to mean) ________freedom. The Statue of Liberty (to be) ________as tall as a skyscraper.
2. Вставьте глагол в правильной форме.
Maslenitsa (to be) ________a very popular holiday in our country. It (to last)__________for a week. Russian people (to celebrate)______________it at the end of February or at the beginning of March. During Maslenitsa week we always (to cook)__________pancakes. I (to like)___________this old Russian tradition.
3. Вставьте глагол в правильной форме.
The Central Stadium in Luzhniki________(to be) one of the most important sports complexes of Moscow. It_________(to include) the Large sports arena with a seating capacity of 10000, the Small sports arena, a swimming pool, the Palace of sports, tennis courts and football fields. The Luzhniki arena_______ to be) one of the most picturesque places in Moscow.
4. Вставьте глагол в правильной форме.
The Museum of the Moscow Metro_______(to cover) the history of the capital’s underground from the beginning of the last century to the present day. One can_______(to see) the unusual exhibition in this museum. The operation of the metro during World War II ________(to be) also on display. A separate hall_______(to tell) about the metro’s architecture.
Упражнение 1. Вставь глагол to be в Present, Past or Future Simple.
1. The students … in the Russian Museum. 2. Last month they … in the Hermitage. There … an interesting exhibition there. 3. In two weeks they … in the Tretyakov Gallery. They… lucky. 4. My father … a teacher. 5. He … a pupil twenty years ago. 6. I … a doctor when I grow up. 7. My sister … not at home tomorrow. 8. She … at school tomorrow. 9. … you … at home tomorrow? 10. …your father at work yesterday? 11. My sister … ill last week. 12. She … not ill now. 13. Yesterday we … at the theatre. 14. Where … your mother now? - She … in the kitchen. 15. Where …you yesterday? - I … at the cinema. 16. When I come home tomorrow, all my family … at home. 17. … your little sister in bed now? - Yes, she ….18. … you … at school tomorrow? - Yes, I … . 19. When my granny … young, she … an actress. 20. My friend … in Moscow now. 21. He … in St. Petersburg tomorrow. 22. Where … your books now? - They … in my bag.
Упражнение 2. Вставь глагол to be в Present, Past or Future Simple.
Ronald Frank ... a managing director of the First Bank of Kingsville in Main Street. He ... always on a business trip. Yesterday he ... in Geneva. Tomorrow he ... in London. Last week he ... in Chicago. Next week he ... in New Orleans. At the moment he ... in Amsterdam. In two hours he ... in the Hague. Three days ago he ... in Paris. At the end of his trip he ... usually very tired but happy. He ... with his family now. His sons ... so much excited. They have got new toys from their father. Everybody in the family ... very glad to see him at home again.
Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
(USUALLY) 1. My working day (to begin) at seven o"clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes. My sister (to get) up at eight o"clock. She (to be) a schoolgirl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave) home at eight o"clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o"clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living room. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).
Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
The legend of Lake Naroch.
Many years ago there __________ (live) a girl called Nara. She _____ (can) sing very well and play the psaltery .She _____ (love) a young man and ________ (want) to marry him. One day she was sitting near a large beautiful lake when a rich man ________ (see) her. He _______ (like) Nara so much that he_________ (want) to marry her. As Nara________ (have) a groom (жених) she________ (not want) _______ to marry the rich man. But the rich man_______ (be) very stubborn (упрямый), and his servants ___________ (kill) Nara’s groom and __________ (take) Nara to the rich man’s palace. The girl ______ (be) so unhappy that when everybody was sleeping, she ________ (set) fire to the palace, and _______ (run) away. When the rich man________ (learn) about it, he _____ (send) his servants (слуги) after Nara. As she ___________ (cannot) run away from them, Nara ___________ (dive) into the lake and____________ (die). From that time the lake was named Lake Naroch.
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. I (to go) to bed at ten o"clock every day.
2. I (to go) to bed at ten o"clock yesterday.
3. I (to go) to bed at ten o"clock tomorrow.
4. I (not to go) to the cinema every day.
5. I (not to go) to the cinema yesterday.
6. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow.
7. You (to watch) TV every day?
8. You (to watch) TV yesterday?
9. You (to watch) TV tomorrow?
10.When you (to leave) home for school every day?
11.When you (to leave) home for school yesterday?
12.When you (to leave) home for school tomorrow?
13.My brother (to go) to work every day. He (to leave) home at a quarter past eight. The office where he (to work) is near our house, he (to walk) there. He (not to take) a bus. Yesterday he (not to go) to work. Yesterday he (to get) up at nine o"clock.
14.You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? - No, I....
15. What you (to buy) at the shop yesterday? - I (to buy) a book.
16. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers because he (to be) very busy. He (to read) newspapers tomorrow.
Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. Не (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons every morning.
2. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning.
3. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morning.
4. I always (to go) to the village to visit my granny there.
5. I (to be) very busy last summer and I (not to go) there.
6. I (not to go) there next year.
7. Who (to take) care of the child in the future?
8. How often you (to go) to the dentist"s?
9. He even (not to know) how to use the washing machine.
10. Two years ago they (to be) rich and money (to be) never a problem.
11. You (to think) you (to be) happy in your new neighborhood?
12. When the cabbage soup (to be) ready?
13. When (to be) your birthday?
14. Who (to create) Mickey Mouse?
Упражнение7. Составь вопросы .
1. The children will ski in winter. (Who? When?)
2. The forest is green in spring. (What? When?)
3. Rabbits wear white fur in winter. (Who? When?)
5. I"ll fly to Britain next month. (Who? When? Where?)
6. Yesterday we went to the park. (Who? When? Where?)
7. My friends will go to school tomorrow. (When? Where?)
8. Last year autumn was cold. (What? When?)
9. He swam very well two hours ago. (Who? When?)
10. In the evening I read books. (What? When?)
Упражнение 8. Раскрой скобки. Поставьте глагол в Present Simple Passive.
a. English ____________________ (speak) in many countries.
b. The post ______________________ (deliver) at 7 o’clock every morning.
c. ______________________________ (the building/use) anymore?
d. How often ______________________________ (the Olympic Games(hold)?
e. How _______________________ (your name/spell)?
f. My salary _____________________ (pay) every month.
g. These cars _________________________ (not make) in Japan.
h. The name of the people who committed the crime _____________________ (not know).
Упражнение 9. Раскрой скобки. Поставьте глагол в Past Simple Passive .
a. My car ______________________ (repair) last week.
b. This song ________________________ (not write) by John Lennon.
c. ________________________________ (the phone/answer) by a young girl?
d. The film ________________________ (make) ten years ago.
e. When ______________________________ (tennis/invent)?
f. The car ________________________ (not damage) in the accident.
g. The original building _________________________ (pull) down in 1965.
h. Where ______________________________ (this pot/make)?
i. When _______________________________ (this bridge/build)?
Упражнение 10. Перепишите текст, поставив выделенные глаголы в страдательный залог.
Fire almost completely destroyed the Royal Hotel last night. By the time someone called the Fire Brigade, the hotel was already blazing. Ambulance took fifteen people to hospital suffering from severe burns. They say that seven of them are in a serious condition. People think that a discarded cigarette started the fire.
(E.g.: The Royal Hotel was almost completely destroyed by fire last night By the time the Fire Brigade was called, ...)
Упражнение 11. Раскройте скобки.
1. My car (damage) last night.
2. This computer (make) in the USA.
3. The machine (make) in Scotland.
4. The President (kill) last night.
5. The money (change into dollars) at the bank.
6. The parcel (post) yesterday.
7. Cheese (make) from milk.
Упражнение 12. Постройте предложения в страдательном залоге, используя слова в скобках.
a. We sell tickets for all shows at the Box Office. (Tickets for all shows/sell/at the Box Office)_______________________________________________.
b. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb. (The electric light bulb/invent/by Thomas Edison) ________________________________________.
c. Someone painted the office last week. (The office/paint/last week) ___________________________________________________________.
d. Several people saw the accident. (The accident/see/by several people) _____________________________________________________________.
e. Where do they make these video recorders? (Where/these video recorders/make) _________________________________________.
Упражнение 13. Постройте предложения в страдательном залоге.
1. They told me an interesting story yesterday.
2. They offered him a cup of tea.
3. They teach the children French and German.
4. They will show us some new magazines.
5. They gave him an invitation card to the party.
6. The teacher always answers the students’ questions.
7. The team will celebrate their victory tomorrow.
8. I bought this book a week ago.
9. They produce cars in this factory.
10. The police will arrest the robbers.
ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ CONTINUOUS.
Группа Continuous (Progressive) представлена в английском языке временами:
· The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense - настоящее продолженное время,
· The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense – прошедшее продолженное время,
· The Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense – будущее продолженное
Времена группы Continuous обозначают действия, которые протекают, протекали или будут протекать в определённый момент настоящего, прошедшего или будущего времени. Дополнительной характеристикой является процесс, т.е. незаконченность выполнения данного действия на определённый момент времени.
Любое время группы Continuous образуется по общей схеме:
to be + Participle I (Ving) |
V - это глагол.
Present Continuous: I am listening to the radio. - Я слушаю радио .
Past Continuous : When he came in I was listening to the radio. – Когда он вошел , я слушал радио .
Future Continuous: When you come I shall be listening to the radio. – Когда ты придешь , я буду слушать радио .
The Present Continuous Tense (Настоящее продолженное время).
Образование Present ContinuousTense.
1. The Present Continuous (Progressive ) Tens e образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в настоящем времени и причастия настоящего времени Present Participle :
am is Ving are |
Present Participle образуется от инфинитива без частицы to с помощью прибавления суффикса –ing: to do – doing.
· Если глагол заканчивается на «e» , а перед ней стоит согласная, то «e» исчезает: use-using, manage - managing. Но: dye - dyeing.
· Буква «l» на конце слова удваивается: travel - travelling.
· А вот «у» , несмотря на предыдущие согласные или гласные буквы, сохраняется: stay - staying, study - studying.
· Согласная после краткого ударного слога удваивается: stop - stopping, sit - sitting .
· «ie» меняется на «y » на конце глагола: die - dying.
2. Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not , которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола: I am not working. He is not working. We are not working.
3. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Am I working? Is he working? Are you working?
В разговорном английском языке вместо полных форм обычно употребляется сокращенные: is not - isn’t , are not -aren’t
Употребление Present Continuous Tense.
1. Для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в момент речи:
· She is typing a letter. - Она печатает письмо (сейчас).
Глаголы в форме настоящего продолженного времени часто употребляются с обстоятельствами now - сейчас, at the moment - в настоящий момент. Однако часто эти слова в предложении отсутствуют, так как они всегда очевидны из самой формы глагола.
2. Для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в настоящий период времени, хотя и не обязательно в момент речи:
· Не is writing a new play. - Он пишет новую пьесу.
3. Для обозначения действий, являющихся постоянной характеристикой определенного человека. Речь говорящего в этом случае приобретает эмоциональный оттенок (раздражение, похвала, осуждение и т.п.). В таких предложениях, как правило, есть наречия always, constantly:
· Oh, I have no patience with you! Why are you always losing your keys? - О, мое терпение лопает! Почему ты всегда теряешь ключи?
4. Для обозначения запланированного действия в будущем, когда высказывается намерение совершить действие или уверенность в его совершении (часто употребляется с глаголами движения):
· The teacher is making a test on Monday. - Преподаватель проведет контрольную в понедельник.
5. Глаголы состояния в Continuous не употребляется, т.к. они сами обозначают процесс. Эти глаголы употребляются в Simple:
To love (любить);
To have (иметь);
To look (выглядеть);
- to think (думать);
- to want (хотеть);
- to live (жить);
- to be (быт, находиться);
- to feel (чувствовать);
- to see (видеть);
- to know (знать);
- to remember (помнить);
- to hear (слышать);
- to stay (оставаться);
Исключение составляет тот случай, когда хотят показать, что данное состояние временное.
· How are you feeling? - Great. – Как ты себя чувствуешь? –Великолепно.
Некоторые из вышеперечисленных глаголов могут использоваться в форме Соntinuous, но значение их при этом меняется:
Verb | Simple | Continuous |
To think | в значении "иметь мнение" What do you think of classical music? – Что ты думаешь о классической музыке? | в значении "иметь что-то в мыслях, думать", т.к. это умственная деятельность, а не состояние: You aren’t listening to me? What are you thinking about? – Ты меня не слышишь? О чем ты думаешь? |
To have | в значении "иметь, владеть" I have a big family . -У меня большая семья. | в составе словосочетаний: have a shower have a bath have breakfast/lunch/dinner have a good time have a headache/toothache He is having his lunch. – Он обедает. |
To see | "понимать,видеть" I see you. - Я вижу вас. I see what you mean. - Я понимаю, о чем вы. | в значении "встречаться, видеться с кем-либо" I am seeing my dentist tomorrow. - Завтра я встречаюсь со своим стоматологом. |
To feel | в значении "быть на ощупь" Wool feels soft .- Шерсть мягкая на ощупь. | "касаться, трогать, дотрагиваться, щупать" The doctor is feeling my forehead. - Врач трогает мой лоб. |
To look | "выглядеть, иметь вид" You look tired. – Ты выглядишь усталой. | "смотреть на что-либо" What are you looking at? – На что ты смотришь? |